Эпистемология

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Категории: Рациональность  

• Связанное:

  • Fallacies
    

    To call something a fallacy is to assert that you think people shouldn’t think like that.

    • Bulverism
      
      Bulverism is when you explain what goes so horribly wrong in people’s minds when they believe X, before you’ve actually explained why X is wrong. Forbidden on Arbital.
    • Emphemeral premises
      
      When somebody says X, don’t just say, “Oh, not-X because Y” and then forget about Y a day later. Y is now an important load-bearing assumption in your worldview. Write Y down somewhere.
    • Gotcha button
      
      A conversational point which, when pressed, causes the other person to shout “Gotcha!” and leap on what they think is a weakness allowing them to dismiss the conversation.
    • Ошибка безвредной сверхновой
      
      Ложные дихотомии и ошибки континуума, которые могут быть использованы в аргументации за безопасность чего угодно, включая сверхновую звезду.
    • Invisible background fallacies
      
      Universal laws also apply to objects and ideas that may fade into the invisible background. Reasoning as if these laws didn’t apply to less obtrusive concepts is a type of fallacy.
    • Mind projection fallacy
      
      Uncertainty is in the mind, not in the environment; a blank map does not correspond to a blank territory. In general, the territory may have a different ontology from the map.
    • Multiple stage fallacy
      
      You can make an arbitrary proposition sound very improbable by observing how it seemingly requires X, Y, and Z. This didn’t work for Nate Silver forecasting the Trump nomination.
    • Доказывать слишком многое
      
      Если ваш аргумент можно естественным образом использовать для доказательства существования бигфута или противоречивости арифметики Пеано, наверное таким аргументам не стоит верить.
  • Psychologizing
    

    It’s sometimes important to consider how other people might be led into error. But psychoanalyzing them is also dangerous! Arbital discussion norms say to explicitly note this as “psychologizing”.

    • Bulverism
      
      Bulverism is when you explain what goes so horribly wrong in people’s minds when they believe X, before you’ve actually explained why X is wrong. Forbidden on Arbital.
  • Central examples
    
  • The empiricist-theorist false dichotomy
    
  • Интенсионал и экстенсионал
    
  • Guarded definition
    
  • Strained argument
    
  • Perfect rolling sphere
    
    If you don’t understand something, start by assuming it’s a perfect rolling sphere.
  • Strictly factual question
    
    A “question of strict fact” is one which is true or false about the material universe (and maybe some math) without introducing any issues of values, perspectives, etcetera.
  • Conceivability
    

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Оригинал: Epistemology (читать на GreaterWrong)

Перевод: К. Кирдан (с сокращениями)